Plywood yog ua los ntawm peb lossis ntau dua nyias txheej ntawm cov ntoo sib txuas ua ke nrog cov nplaum.Txhua txheej ntawm ntoo, los yog ply, feem ntau yog taw qhia nrog nws cov nplej khiav ntawm txoj cai kaum mus rau txheej uas nyob ib sab kom txo tau qhov shrinkage thiab txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov khoom tiav.Feem ntau cov plywood yog nias rau hauv cov ntawv loj, tiaj tus siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev.Lwm daim plywood tej zaum yuav raug tsim los ua ib qho yooj yim los yog sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov rooj tog zaum, nkoj, thiab dav hlau.
Kev siv cov txheej nyias nyias ntawm cov ntoo ua ib qho kev tsim kho hnub rau kwv yees li 1500 BC thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm Iyiv tau sib koom ua ke nyias nyias ntawm cov ntoo ebony rau sab nrauv ntawm lub pob zeb cedar pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm King Tut-Ankh-Amon.Cov txheej txheem no tom qab siv los ntawm Greeks thiab Loos los tsim cov rooj tog zoo thiab lwm yam khoom zoo nkauj.Nyob rau xyoo 1600, kev kos duab ntawm kev dai cov rooj tog nrog nyias cov ntoo los ua lub npe hu ua veneering, thiab cov khoom lawv tus kheej tau hu ua veneers.
Txog rau thaum xyoo 1700s, cov veneer tau txiav tag nrho ntawm tes.Xyoo 1797, tus txiv neej Askiv Sir Samuel Bentham tau thov rau patents npog ntau lub tshuab los tsim cov veneers.Hauv nws daim ntawv thov patent, nws tau piav qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm laminating ob peb txheej ntawm veneer nrog cov kua nplaum los ua ib daim tuab tuab - thawj qhov kev piav qhia ntawm qhov peb tam sim no hu ua plywood.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev txhim kho no, nws tau siv yuav luag ib puas xyoo ua ntej laminated veneers pom muaj kev lag luam siv sab nraud ntawm kev lag luam rooj tog.Nyob rau xyoo 1890, cov ntoo laminated tau xub siv los tsim lub qhov rooj.Raws li qhov kev thov tau loj hlob, ntau lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntau-ply laminated ntoo, tsis yog rau lub qhov rooj xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau hauv tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb npav, thiab dav hlau.Txawm hais tias qhov kev siv no nce ntxiv, lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv "muab ntoo," raws li qee tus kws ua haujlwm sarcastically hu ua lawv, tsim cov duab tsis zoo rau cov khoom.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov duab no, cov tuam txhab ntoo laminated tau ntsib thiab thaum kawg txiav txim siab ntawm lo lus "plywood" los piav txog cov khoom tshiab.
Xyoo 1928, thawj tus qauv loj 4 ft los ntawm 8 ft (1.2 m los ntawm 2.4 m) plywood nplooj ntawv tau qhia hauv Tebchaws Meskas rau siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev.Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej no, txhim kho cov nplaum thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tsim khoom tso cai rau plywood siv rau ntau yam kev siv.Niaj hnub no, plywood tau hloov txiav ntoo rau ntau lub hom phiaj kev tsim kho, thiab kev tsim plywood tau dhau los ua ntau txhiab daus las, kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov txheej txheej ntawm plywood yog paub raws li lub ntsej muag thiab sab nraub qaum.Lub ntsej muag yog qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau siv lossis pom, thaum lub nraub qaum tseem tsis siv lossis zais.Lub hauv paus txheej yog hu ua lub core.Hauv plywoods nrog tsib los yog ntau dua plies, cov txheej txheem nruab nrab yog hu ua crossbands.
Plywood tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv, cov ntoo mos, lossis ob qho tib si.Qee cov ntoo ntoo muaj xws li tshauv, maple, mahogany, ntoo qhib, thiab teak.Cov ntoo mos uas siv los ua plywood hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog Douglas fir, txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom ntoo thuv, cedar, spruce, thiab redwood kuj siv.
Composite plywood muaj cov tub ntxhais ua los ntawm particleboard los yog cov khoom siv ntoo sib koom ua ke ntawm ntug mus rau ntug.Nws yog tiav nrog plywood veneer lub ntsej muag thiab rov qab.Composite plywood yog siv qhov twg cov nplooj ntawv tuab heev xav tau.
Hom nplaum siv los khi cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov ntoo ua ke nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb rau cov plywood tiav.Softwood plywood nplooj ntawv tsim los rau kev teeb tsa sab nrauv ntawm cov qauv feem ntau siv cov phenol-formaldehyde resin ua cov nplaum vim nws lub zog zoo heev thiab ua haujlwm rau cov dej noo.Softwood plywood sheets tsim los rau kev teeb tsa rau sab hauv ntawm cov qauv siv tau cov ntshav protein los yog cov kua nplaum nplaum protein ntau, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv softwood sab hauv tam sim no tau ua nrog tib phenol-formaldehyde resin siv rau cov nplooj ntawv sab nrauv.Hardwood plywood siv rau kev siv sab hauv thiab hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog feem ntau yog ua los ntawm urea-formaldehyde resin.
Qee daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv plywood uas muaj txheej nyias ntawm cov yas, hlau, lossis cov ntaub ntawv-impregnated los yog cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua ke rau lub ntsej muag lossis nraub qaum (los yog ob qho tib si) kom muab cov txheej sab nrauv ntxiv rau cov dej noo thiab puas los yog txhim kho nws cov xim- tuav cov khoom.Xws li plywood yog hu ua overlaid plywood thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb.
Lwm cov ntaub ntawv plywood tej zaum yuav coated nrog cov kua stain los muab cov chaw ua tiav, lossis yuav raug kho nrog ntau yam tshuaj los txhim kho lub plywood cov nplaim taws los yog tiv thaiv kom lwj.
Muaj ob chav kawm dav ntawm plywood, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej muab qhab nia.
Ib chav kawm yog hu ua kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam.Plywoods hauv chav kawm no yog siv feem ntau rau lawv lub zog thiab raug ntsuas los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm raug thiab qib ntawm veneer siv rau ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab nraub qaum.Kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau sab hauv lossis sab nrauv, nyob ntawm seb hom kua nplaum.Cov qib veneer tej zaum yuav yog N, A, B, C, lossis D. N qib muaj qhov tsis xws luag, thaum qib D yuav muaj ntau lub pob thiab sib cais.Piv txwv li, plywood siv rau subflooring nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev yog rated "Interior CD".Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws muaj C lub ntsej muag nrog D rov qab, thiab cov kua nplaum tsim nyog siv rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv.Sab hauv plies ntawm tag nrho cov kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam plywood yog tsim los ntawm qib C lossis D veneer, txawm tias qhov kev ntsuas zoo li cas.
Lwm chav kawm ntawm plywood yog hu ua hardwood thiab zoo nkauj.Plywoods nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm no yog siv feem ntau rau lawv cov tsos thiab tau muab qhab nia nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tsis kam mus ya raws li Technical (Sab nrauv), Hom I (Sab nrauv), Hom II (Interior), thiab Hom III (Interior).Lawv lub ntsej muag veneers zoo li tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg
Cov ntawv plywood muaj nyob rau hauv thickness los ntawm.06 nyob rau hauv (1.6 mm) mus rau 3.0 nyob rau hauv (76 mm).Feem ntau cov thicknesses yog nyob rau hauv 0.25 nyob rau hauv (6.4 mm) mus rau 0.75 nyob rau hauv (19.0 mm) ntau yam.Txawm hais tias cov tub ntxhais, cov hlaws dai, thiab lub ntsej muag thiab nraub qaum ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm plywood tej zaum yuav ua los ntawm cov thickness sib txawv, lub thickness ntawm txhua tus yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw.Piv txwv li, lub ntsej muag thiab nraub qaum yuav tsum yog tuab tuab.Ib yam li ntawd, sab saum toj thiab hauv qab crossbands yuav tsum sib npaug.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv plywood siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev yog 4 ft (1.2 m) dav los ntawm 8 ft (2.4 m) ntev.Lwm qhov dav dav yog 3 ft (0.9 m) thiab 5 ft (1.5 m).Ntev sib txawv ntawm 8 ft (2.4 m) mus rau 12 ft (3.6 m) hauv 1 ft (0.3 m) increments.Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li lub tsev nkoj yuav xav tau cov ntawv loj dua.
Cov ntoo siv los ua plywood feem ntau me me ntawm txoj kab uas hla tshaj cov uas siv los ua ntoo.Feem ntau, lawv tau cog thiab cog rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj lub tuam txhab plywood.Cov chaw no tau ua tib zoo tswj kom ua kom tsob ntoo loj tshaj plaws thiab txo qis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kab lossis hluav taws.
Ntawm no yog ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau kev ua cov ntoo rau hauv cov qauv 4 ft los ntawm 8 ft (1.2 m los 2.4 m) plywood nplooj ntawv:
Cov cav yog thawj debarked thiab ces txiav mus rau hauv peeler blocks.Yuav kom txiav cov blocks rau hauv ib daim hlab ntawm veneer, lawv yog thawj zaug soaked thiab ces peeled rau hauv ib daim hlab.
1 Cov ntoo xaiv hauv ib cheeb tsam raug cim tias npaj yuav txiav, lossis txiav.Kev sib tsoo yuav ua tau nrog roj av-powered saw saws lossis nrog cov hydraulic loj shear mounted rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub log tsheb hu ua fellers.Cov ceg ntoo raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntoo poob nrog saw saws.
2 Cov ntoo txiav ntoo, lossis cov cav ntoo, raug rub mus rau qhov chaw thauj khoom los ntawm lub log tsheb hu ua skidders.Cov cav ntoo raug txiav kom ntev thiab thauj khoom ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom rau kev mus ncig rau lub plywood zeb, uas lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov pawg ntev hu ua cav decks.
3 Raws li cov cav xav tau, lawv tau khaws los ntawm cov cav ntoo los ntawm cov log tsheb log log thiab muab tso rau ntawm cov saw conveyor uas coj lawv mus rau lub tshuab debarking.Lub tshuab no tshem tawm cov tawv ntoo, nrog rau cov hniav sib tsoo los yog nrog cov dav hlau ntawm cov dej siab, thaum lub cav yog maj mam tig ntawm nws cov axis ntev.
4 Cov cav ntoo debarked yog nqa mus rau hauv lub zeb ntawm cov saw conveyor qhov twg lub voj voog loj loj txiav lawv mus rau hauv ntu txog 8 ft-4 hauv (2.5 m) txog 8 ft-6 hauv (2.6 m) ntev, haum rau ua qauv 8 ft. (2.4 m) nplooj ntawv ntev.Cov seem no yog hu ua peeler blocks.
5 Ua ntej cov veneer tuaj yeem txiav, cov nplaum nplaum yuav tsum tau ua kom sov thiab ntub kom soften ntoo.Cov blocks yuav tsum tau steamed los yog raus hauv dej kub.Cov txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm 12-40 teev nyob ntawm seb hom ntoo, txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov thaiv, thiab lwm yam.
6 Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas kub hnyiab tau raug thauj mus rau lub tshuab dhos tshuab, qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem sib dhos thiab pub rau hauv lub tshuab dhos ib zaug.Raws li lub tshuab dhos tig lub thaiv nrawm nrawm txog nws qhov ntev ntev, rab riam puv puv rub tawm daim ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm veneer los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov sib tsoo ntawm tus nqi ntawm 300-800 ft / min (90-240 m / min).Thaum txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub block raug txo mus txog 3-4 nyob rau hauv (230-305 mm), cov seem ntawm cov ntoo, hu ua lub peeler core, yog ejected los ntawm lub tshuab dhos thiab ib tug tshiab peeler block yog pub rau hauv qhov chaw.
7 Daim ntawv ntev ntawm veneer tawm los ntawm / lub tshuab dhos tshuab tuaj yeem ua tiav tam sim ntawd, lossis nws tuaj yeem muab khaws cia rau hauv cov tais ntev, ntau theem lossis qhov txhab rau yob.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tom ntej no suav nrog kev txiav cov veneer rau hauv qhov dav siv tau, feem ntau yog li 4 ft-6 hauv (1.4 m), rau kev ua qauv 4 ft (1.2 m) dav plywood nplooj ntawv.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, optical scanners nrhiav cov ntu uas tsis tuaj yeem lees txais, thiab cov no raug txiav tawm, tawm tsawg dua li cov qauv dav ntawm veneer.
Cov ntaub ntub dej ntawm cov veneer raug mob rau hauv ib lub yob, thaum lub tshuab kho qhov muag pom tau tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov ntoo.Thaum qhuav lub veneer yog graded thiab stacked.Xaiv cov seem ntawm veneer yog glued ua ke.Cov xovxwm kub yog siv los kaw cov veneer rau hauv ib qho khoom ntawm plywood, uas yuav tsum tau txiav thiab sanded ua ntej yuav stamped nrog nws cov qib tsim nyog.
8 Cov seem ntawm cov veneer yog muab faib ua ke raws li qib.Qhov no yuav ua tau manually, los yog nws yuav ua tau cia li siv optical scanners.
9 Cov ntu raug muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws kom txo lawv cov dej noo thiab cia lawv kom qis ua ntej lawv muab khi ua ke.Feem ntau cov plywood mills siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas cov khoom txav mus tas li los ntawm lub tshuab cua sov.Hauv qee lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, dav hlau ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm, cua sov cua sov tau tshuab thoob plaws saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kom ceev cov txheej txheem ziab.
10 Raws li cov seem ntawm veneer tawm ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, lawv tau muab tso rau raws li qib.Cov seem hauv qab muaj cov veneer ntxiv nrog cov kab xev los yog cov kua nplaum los ua cov khoom tsim nyog siv rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas qhov tsos thiab lub zog tsis tseem ceeb.
11 Cov ntu ntawm cov veneer uas yuav raug ntsia crossways - cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv peb-ply nplooj ntawv, los yog crossbands nyob rau hauv tsib-ply nplooj ntawv - raug txiav mus rau hauv ntev li ntawm 4 ft-3 nyob rau hauv (1.3 m).
12 Thaum cov seem tsim nyog ntawm veneer tau sib sau ua ke rau ib qho kev khiav ntawm plywood, txheej txheem ntawm nteg thiab gluing cov khoom ua ke pib.Qhov no yuav ua tau manually lossis semi-automatically nrog cov tshuab.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm peb-ply nplooj ntawv, lub nraub qaum veneer yog nteg tiaj tus thiab khiav los ntawm cov kua nplaum nplaum, uas siv cov nplaum nplaum rau saum npoo.Cov ntu luv ntawm cov tub ntxhais veneer yog tom qab ntawd nteg crossways nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov nplaum rov qab, thiab tag nrho cov ntawv yog khiav los ntawm cov kua nplaum nplaum zaum ob.Thaum kawg, lub ntsej muag veneer yog nteg nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov tub ntxhais glued, thiab daim ntawv yog stacked nrog lwm cov nplooj ntawv tos mus rau hauv xovxwm.
13 Cov ntawv nplaum nplaum tau ntim rau hauv ntau qhov qhib kub xovxwm.presses tuaj yeem tuav 20-40 nplooj ntawv ib zaug, nrog rau txhua daim ntawv ntim rau hauv ib lub qhov sib cais.Thaum tag nrho cov ntawv raug thauj khoom, cov xovxwm nyem lawv ua ke nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm li 110-200 psi (7.6-13.8 bar), thaum tib lub sij hawm cua sov lawv mus rau qhov kub ntawm txog 230-315 ° F (109.9-157.2 ° C). C).Lub siab ua kom muaj kev sib cuag zoo ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm veneer, thiab cov cua sov ua rau cov kua nplaum kho kom zoo rau lub zog siab tshaj plaws.Tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm 2-7 feeb, cov xovxwm qhib thiab cov nplooj ntawv yog unloaded.
14 Cov ntawv ntxhib ces hla dhau ib txheej saws, uas txiav lawv mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov dav thiab qhov ntev.Cov ntawv qib siab dhau los ntawm ib txheej ntawm 4 ft (1.2 m) dav siv sanders, uas xuab zeb ob lub ntsej muag thiab nraub qaum.Cov nplooj ntawv qib nrab yog manually pom sanded los ntxuav cov chaw ntxhib.Qee cov nplooj ntawv yog khiav los ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov saw saws, uas txiav cov grooves ntiav nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag kom muab cov plywood zoo li textured.Tom qab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas zaum kawg, txhua qhov seem uas tsis raug kho.
15 Cov ntawv ua tiav tau muab khij nrog qib-kev lag luam uas muab cov ntaub ntawv rau tus neeg yuav khoom hais txog qhov raug ntaus nqi, qib, zeb tooj, thiab lwm yam.Cov nplooj ntawv ntawm tib qib-kev lag luam tau muab khi ua ke hauv pawg thiab tsiv mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom kom tos khoom xa tuaj.
Ib yam li cov ntoo, tsis muaj ib yam zoo li ib daim plywood.Txhua daim ntawm plywood muaj qee qhov tsis xws luag.Tus naj npawb thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov teeb meem no txiav txim siab qib plywood.Cov qauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam plywood yog txhais los ntawm Product Standard PS1 npaj los ntawm National Bureau of Standards thiab American Plywood Association.Cov qauv rau cov ntoo tawv thiab cov ntoo zoo nkauj yog txhais los ntawm ANSIIHPMA HP npaj los ntawm American National Standards Institute thiab Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers' Association.Cov qauv no tsis tsuas yog tsim cov txheej txheem muab qhab nia rau plywood, tab sis kuj qhia txog kev tsim kho, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem.
Txawm hais tias plywood ua kom siv tau zoo ntawm cov ntoo - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais thiab muab lawv rov qab ua ke hauv qhov muaj zog, siv tau ntau dua - tseem muaj cov pov tseg ntau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.Feem ntau, tsuas yog li 50-75% ntawm cov khoom siv tau ntawm cov ntoo hauv ib tsob ntoo yog hloov mus rau plywood.Txhawm rau txhim kho daim duab no, ntau yam khoom tshiab tab tom txhim kho.
Ib yam khoom tshiab yog hu ua oriented strand board, uas yog tsim los ntawm shredding tag nrho cov cav rau hauv strands, es tsis tev lub veneer los ntawm lub cav thiab muab pov tseg cov tub ntxhais.Cov strands yog tov nrog ib tug nplaum thiab compressed rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nrog cov nplej khiav hauv ib qho kev coj.Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg no yog tom qab ntawd taw qhia ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau ib leeg, zoo li plywood, thiab tau sib koom ua ke.Oriented strand board muaj zog npaum li plywood thiab nqi me ntsis.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-10-2021